A Matter of Trust: Confidentiality in Therapeutic Relationships during Psychological and Medical Treatment in Children and Adolescents with Mental Disorders.

Background: Confidentiality is a crucial ethical principle in therapy, particularly for children and adolescents, yet their perception of it remains understudied. We aimed to explore minors' perspectives and attributions on confidentiality in psychological and medical treatment. Methods: We interviewed 11 pediatric patients aged 7 to 15 and used reflexive thematic analysis to analyze their responses. Results: Four main themes were extracted from the data: (1) confidentiality and uncertainty regarding what information will be shared with clinicians and parents; (2) consequences of breaching confidentiality, encompassing breaches of confidentiality in the past and their negative effects on interactions with parents and health professionals; (3) exceptions to confidentiality, including understanding the limits of confidentiality; and (4) autonomy and self-determination, reflecting the desire for involvement in medical decisions. Conclusions: Explanations about confidentiality rules and limits, especially with younger children, are crucial. This is particularly important because it is fundamental to promote children's development and self-determination through increasing autonomy, as well as to provide a sense of security and respect through transparent rules. A single educational session on confidentiality at the outset of therapy is insufficient; ongoing conversations are needed to reinforce understanding and promote autonomy.

A retrospective, naturalistic study of deep brain stimulation and vagal nerve stimulation in young patients.

INTRODUCTION: Invasive neuromodulation interventions such as deep brain stimulation (DBS) and vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) are important treatments for movement disorders and epilepsy, but literature focused on young patients treated with DBS and VNS is limited. This retrospective study aimed to examine naturalistic outcomes of VNS and DBS treatment of epilepsy and dystonia in children, adolescents, and young adults. METHODS: We retrospectively assessed patient demographic and outcome data that were obtained from electronic health records. Two researchers used the Clinical Global Impression scale to retrospectively rate the severity of neurologic and psychiatric symptoms before and after patients underwent surgery to implant DBS electrodes or a VNS device. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to examine clinical effects. RESULTS: Data from 73 patients were evaluated. Neurologic symptoms improved for patients treated with DBS and VNS (p < .001). Patients treated with DBS did not have a change in psychiatric symptoms, whereas psychiatric symptoms worsened for patients treated with VNS (p = .008). The frequency of postoperative complications did not differ between VNS and DBS groups. CONCLUSION: Young patients may have distinct vulnerabilities for increased psychiatric symptoms during treatment with invasive neuromodulation. Child and adolescent psychiatrists should consider a more proactive approach and greater engagement with DBS and VNS teams that treat younger patients.

Depressive, Anxiety, and Stress Symptoms Among Schoolgirls With Disordered Eating Behaviors.

Objectives This study aimed to assess the relationship between depression, anxiety, stress, and disordered eating behaviors among schoolgirls in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The current study could provide insights into potential intervention strategies for addressing both aspects simultaneously, contributing to a more holistic approach in the field. Method Via simple sampling technique, the current quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional study included 347 female adolescents aged between 13 and 18 years in public schools in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A self-administered questionnaire comprised demographic information, items on body image satisfaction and perception, the Eating Attitude Test-26 (EAT-26), and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). Results Among the participants, 32.6% scored at or above the cutoff point on the EAT-26, indicating a negative eating attitude. Additionally, multiple factors such as age, obesity, body image dissatisfaction, and peer pressure were correlated with disordered eating behaviors, with excessive exercise being the most reported weight control behaviors. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress were 58.5%, 73.2%, and 40.9%, respectively. Notably, anxiety was significantly associated with disordered eating behaviors. Conclusion In conclusion, disordered eating behaviors were reported by 32.6% of the participants, and symptoms of anxiety were significantly associated with these behaviors. Media consumption appeared to influence more than half of the participants in their weight loss attempts.

Web-Based Self-Compassion Training to Improve the Well-Being of Youth With Chronic Medical Conditions: Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Up to one-third of young people live with chronic physical conditions (eg, diabetes, asthma, and autoimmune disease) that frequently involve recurrent pain, fatigue, activity limitations, stigma, and isolation. These issues may be exacerbated as young people transition through adolescence. Accordingly, young people with chronic illness are at a high risk of psychological distress. Accessible, evidence-based interventions for young people with chronic illnesses are urgently needed to improve well-being, support adaptation, and enhance daily functioning. Self-compassion, which is an adaptive means of relating to oneself during times of difficulty, is a promising intervention target for this population. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to test the efficacy of a 4-week, self-guided, web-based self-compassion training program for improving well-being among young Australians (aged 16-25 years) living with a chronic medical condition. The primary outcomes were self-compassion, emotion regulation difficulties, and coping; the secondary outcomes were well-being, distress, and quality of life. We also sought to test whether changes in primary outcomes mediated changes in secondary outcomes and gather feedback about the strengths and limitations of the program. METHODS: We conducted a single-blind, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial comparing a 4-week, fully automated, web-based self-compassion training program with a waitlist control. Participants were recruited via the internet, and outcomes were self-assessed at 4 (T1) and 12 weeks (T2) after the baseline time point via a web-based survey. A mixed methods approach was used to evaluate the program feedback. RESULTS: Overall, 151 patients (age: mean 21.15, SD 2.77 years; female patients: n=132, 87.4%) were randomized to the intervention (n=76, 50.3%) and control (n=75, 49.7%) groups. The loss-to-follow-up rate was 47.4%, and program use statistics indicated that only 29% (22/76) of young people in the experimental group completed 100% of the program. The main reported barrier to completion was a lack of time. As anticipated, treatment effects were observed for self-compassion (P=.01; partial η2=0.05; small effect); well-being (P≤.001; partial η2=0.07; medium effect); and distress (P=.003; partial η2=0.054; small-medium effect) at the posttest time point and maintained at follow-up. Contrary to our hypotheses, no intervention effects were observed for emotion regulation difficulties or maladaptive coping strategies. Improvements in adaptive coping were observed at the posttest time point but were not maintained at follow-up. Self-compassion, but not emotion regulation difficulties or coping, mediated the improvements in well-being. CONCLUSIONS: Minimal-contact, web-based self-compassion training can confer mental health benefits on young people with chronic conditions. This group experiences substantial challenges to participation in mental health supports, and program engagement and retention in this trial were suboptimal. Future work should focus on refining the program content, engagement, and delivery to optimize engagement and treatment outcomes for the target group. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry 12619000572167; https://tinyurl.com/5n6hevt. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): RR2-10.1186/s12889-020-8226-7.

Factors Associated with Anxiety, Depression, and Stress Levels in High School Students.

This study aims to investigate the relationship between anxiety, depression, and stress levels with physical activity level and academic performance in high school students; secondly, this study aims to relate and compare anxiety, depression, and stress levels with physical activity level and academic performance. This is a quantitative, descriptive, and comparative cross-sectional study, which evaluated 443 high school students (48% female; 15.13 ± 1.59 years) belonging to the Maule region, Chile. The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Questionnaire (DASS-21) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were applied. Academic performance was consulted on language, mathematics, and overall grade point average. The results indicate that vigorous physical activity (OR = 0.504; p = 0.017) and high academic performance in mathematics (OR = 0.597; p = 0.027) are associated with a reduced risk of depression. In turn, there is a significant inverse correlation between physical activity with anxiety (r = -0.224; p = 0.000), depression (r = -0.224; p = 0.000) and stress (r = -0.108; p = 0.032), while the performance of mathematics is inversely correlated with depression (r = -0.176; p = 0.000). On the other hand, significant differences (p < 0.05) between anxiety, depression, stress levels, and grade point average were found, with females exhibiting higher scores than males. In conclusion, greater vigorous physical activity and scoring above average in mathematics performance are protective factors against depression.

The prevalence, latent structure and psychosocial and cognitive correlates of complex post-traumatic stress disorder in an adolescent community sample.

Complex PTSD has received growing attention in recent years. However, the validity, prevalence and risk factors of this diagnosis remain unclear. This study examined PTSD presentations in adolescents using diagnostic criteria and latent class analysis (LCA). It then explored the role of demographics factors, trauma history factors, psychopathology factors and cognitive factors in predicting different PTSD presentations. A cross-sectional data comprising self-report measures of 342 community adolescents (12-15 years) were collected and analysed. 2.3 %, 5.6 % and 10 % of adolescents met the criteria for PTSD, CPTSD and disturbances in self-organisation (DSO) respectively. A three-class model (healthy class, CPTSD class and DSO class) were generated from LCA. Adolescents with CPTSD were most likely to be female and endorsed the most overall trauma types, interpersonal trauma types, depression, anxiety and maladaptive cognitive processes, followed by adolescents with DSO and subsequently healthy adolescents. CPTSD appeared to be a more common presentation than PTSD among community adolescents. The relatively high prevalence of DSO is noteworthy and suggests that DSO is not necessarily accompanied by PTSD. Given the strong associations between CPTSD and cognitive processes implicated in PTSD, CPTSD as a construct might be conceptually similar to PTSD.

Discourse-based psychological intervention alleviates perioperative anxiety in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in China: a retrospective propensity score matching analysis.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a discourse-based psychological intervention on perioperative anxiety, pain and life satisfaction of patients with AIS. METHODS: Between April 2018 and February 2021, 116 consecutive patients with AIS undergoing corrective surgery were enrolled in this study, including 51 with personalized psychological intervention (intervention group, IG) and 65 without (control group, CG). After propensity score matching (PSM), patient characteristics, perioperative scores of anxiety and life satisfaction, measured by values of Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale (GAD-7) and Life Satisfaction Index Z scale (LSIZ), were recorded. Mixed linear models were used to estimate the influence of intervention group and time of measurement, as well as their interactions, in anxiety and life satisfaction. Data on post-surgical pain in both groups was also collected and analyzed. RESULTS: After PSM, a total of 90 patients (IG, n = 45; CG, n = 45) were enrolled in this study, and the 2 groups were comparable in patients' demographic and baseline characteristics. There were no pre-intervention between-group differences in the degree of anxiety (IG: 3.98 ± 3.27 vs. CG: 3.93 ± 3.20, p = .948, Cohen's d = 0.015), and life satisfaction (IG: 6.56 ± 1.70 vs. CG: 6.67 ± 2.09, p = .783, Cohen's d = -0.058). After surgery, participants in both IG and CG showed improved the levels of anxiety (GAD-7: IG 2.18 ± 1.21; CG 2.87 ± 2.00) and life satisfaction (LSIZ: IG 9.84 ± 2.09; CG 9.02 ± 2.15). A stratified analysis of patients with generalized anxiety disorder showed improved anxiety (GAD-7: IG 3.50 ± 1.22 vs. CG 6.80 ± 2.05, p = .017, Cohen's d = -1.956) and lower pain level (VAS: IG 4.50 ± 1.76 vs. CG 7.00 ± 1.00, p = .017, Cohen's d = -1.747) in the IG than the CG after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Discourse-based psychological intervention before surgery can improve perioperative anxiety and life satisfaction, and postoperative painful condition, especially for patients with high-leveled pre-surgical anxiety.

"I'm not here to push you:" raising adolescents' treatment engagement via autonomy support.

More than 45% of adolescents with aggressive behavior problems drop out of treatment prematurely. Building on insights from self-determination theory, we examined in three studies whether clinicians can raise adolescents' treatment engagement by supporting their autonomy. In an interview study (Study 1), clinicians (N = 16; 43.8% female; ages 30-57) spontaneously described 12 times more autonomy-supportive than controlling strategies to engage adolescents. In a preregistered experiment (Study 2), clinicians (N = 68; 88.2% female; ages 23-65) were confronted with videos of adolescents displaying resistance. We manipulated the DSM diagnosis of adolescents to indicate either aggressive behavior problems or other problems. We found that, regardless of diagnosis, clinicians used both autonomy-supportive strategies (57.7% of responses) and controlling strategies (39.3%), suggesting that applying autonomy support can be challenging with any adolescent displaying resistance. In an experimental study (Study 3), adolescents (N = 252; 50.0% female; ages 12-17) reported higher therapeutic alliance (d = 0.95, 95% CI [0.80, 1.10]) and treatment engagement (d = 0.77, 95% CI [0.63, 0.91]) after listening to audio-recorded autonomy-supportive versus controlling responses from clinicians, regardless of whether these adolescents had aggressive behavior problems. Overall, this research suggests that clinicians can raise adolescents' treatment engagement through autonomy support.

Examining the Effectiveness of an Intensive Telemental Health Treatment for Pediatric Anxiety and OCD During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Pediatric Mental Health Crisis.

Despite research supporting the efficacy of weekly outpatient videoconferencing-based cognitive behavioral therapy (VCBT), limited evidence exists about the benefits of leveraging VCBT for brief intensive formats. We examined the effectiveness of an intensive outpatient VCBT targeting pediatric anxiety and OCD. Quasi-experimental design was used to compare outcomes of intensive, in-person, group-based cognitive-behavioral therapy with medication management and caregiver guidance pre-pandemic, to a similar VCBT peri-pandemic (n = 130). Pretreatment and posttreatment assessments included patient- and caregiver-report of anxiety and functional impairment. Analyses of covariance were conducted, examining changes in anxiety and impairment between treatment groups, controlling for admission levels. No significant differences in posttreatment anxiety or impairment were observed between conditions. This study illustrates that intensive, group-based treatment for pediatric anxiety and OCD using VCBT is associated with comparable reductions in anxiety and impairment. It marks a crucial step toward providing broader access to quality care for youth in need.

Riesgo de suicidio en adolescentes escolarizados / Risk of suicide in schooled adolescents

Resumen Introducción: El riesgo de suicidio aumenta durante la adolescencia por factores que actúan acumulativamente. El estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar los factores asociados al peligro de suicidio en adolescentes escolarizados. Materiales y métodos: En una muestra de 565 adolescentes escolarizados se midió el riesgo de suicidio a través de la escala de Plutchick y se identificó su asociación con el género, funcionamiento familiar, ser víctima de desplazamiento forzado, tener antecedentes familiares de intento y/o suicidio consumado, síntomas psiquiátricos, dependencia a sustancias psicoactivas, acoso escolar y adicción al internet, por medio de la aplicación de instrumentos válidos y confiables. Resultados: Un 28,8 % de los adolescentes escolarizados presentó riesgo de suicidio. La mayoría de los factores estudiados se asociaron al riesgo de suicidio, tales como el género (χ² = 14,539a; gl = 1; p = 0,000), víctima de desplazamiento (χ² = 4,095a; gl = 1; p = 0,043), antecedentes familiares de suicidio e intento de suicidio (χ² = 54,891a; gl = 1; p = 0,000), funcionalidad familiar (χ² = 82,819a; gl = 3; p = 0,000), síntomas psiquiátricos (χ² = 187,915a; gl = 1; p = 0,000), consumo de riesgo de marihuana (χ² = 6,830a; gl = 1; p = 0,009), cocaína (χ² = 6,023a; gl = 1; p = 0,014) y tranquilizantes (χ² = 6,354a; gl = 1; p = 0,012), acoso escolar (χ² = 8,754a; gl = 1; p = 0,003) y adicción al internet (χ² = 16,486a; gl = 1; p = 0,000). Conclusión: El riesgo de suicidio en los adolescentes escolarizados está asociado a varios factores, es decir es un fenómeno multifactorial, por lo que se sugiere estrategias integrales de prevención con enfoque de gestión integral de riesgos, que permitan identificar tempranamente el riesgo de suicidio para priorizar las medidas preventivas y terapéuticas como parte integral del proceso educativo de los adolescentes.

Abstract Introduction: The risk of suicide increases during adolescence due to risk factors that act cumulatively. The objetive of the study was to identify the factors associated with the risk of suicide in adolescents enrolled in school. Materials and methods: In a sample of 565 adolescents enrolled in school, the risk of suicide was measured using the Plutchick scale and its association with gender, family functioning, being a victim of forced displacement, having a family history of attempted and / or completed suicide, psychiatric symptoms, psychoactive substances dependence, bullying and internet addiction, through the application of valid and reliable instruments. Results: 28,8 % of school adolescents presented risk of suicide. Most of the factors studied were associated with risk of suicide, such as gender (χ² = 14,539a; gl = 1; p = 0,000), victim of displacement (χ² = 4,095a; gl = 1; p = 0,043), family history of suicide and suicide attempt (χ² = 54,891a; gl = 1; p = 0,000), family functionality (χ² = 82,819a; gl = 3; p = 0,000), psychiatric symptoms (χ² = 187,915a; gl = 1; p = 0,000), risky consumption of marijuana (χ² = 6,830a; df = 1; p = 0,009), cocaine (χ² = 6,023a; df = 1; p = 0,014) and tranquilizers (χ² = 6,354a; gl = 1; p = 0,012), bullying (χ² = 8,754a; gl = 1; p = 0,003) and internet addiction (χ² = 16,486a; gl = 1; p = 0,000). Conclusion: The risk of suicide in school adolescents is associated with several factors, that is, it is a multi- factorial phenomenon, so comprehensive prevention strategies with a comprehensive risk management approach are suggested, which allow early identification of suicide risk to prioritize measures. preventive and therapeutic as an integral part of the educational process of adolescents.

Drawing on Adolescent Psychology to Achieve Tobacco-Free Generations.

Background: In 2021, the European Union called for creation of a "tobacco-free generation." We consider the means to this end. The persistence of youthful noncompliance with current minimum age laws (leading to widespread subsequent addiction, morbidity and mortality) raises questions whether such laws are truly aligned with adolescent psychology. Evidence: The ubiquity of minimum-age laws limits direct evidence of their effectiveness, so we seek indirect evidence. Qualitative findings originally intended for tobacco manufacturers indicate counterproductive aspects of minimum-age laws. Further evidence about adolescent reactions is provided by a recent review and meta-analysis of greater youth defiance of under-age laws than whole-of-life laws in the domain of motorcycle helmets. Policy Options and Recommendations: As an alternative to minimum-age laws, we consider the Tobacco-Free Generation proposal (TFG), which phases out sales on an age cohort basis and has recently gained prominence. Conclusion: The Tobacco-Free Generation proposal (TFG) seems well aligned with adolescent psychology, and is therefore especially worthy of attention. It has recently been introduced or endorsed by a number of jurisdictions, both local and national.

Role of Psychologist in Adolescent Medicine: An International Perspective.

Adolescent Medicine addresses the health care of adolescents, young adults, and their families. Adolescent psychology constitutes an important part. The COVID-19 pandemic has given insight into adolescent needs, bringing the focus on prevention rather than mere correction. One needs to factor in the unique aspects of adolescence, their need to impress peers and gain acceptance, and their unique information processing, not calculating trade-offs between risk and reward the way adults might, in a linear, rational, logical, and verbal manner. The article focuses on the need for collaborative training among the various stakeholders in Child and Adolescent Mental Health.

Preliminary results of a Cognitive-Behavioral Life Skills Program for Adolescents / Resultados preliminares do Programa Cognitivo-Comportamental de Habilidades para Vida em Adolescentes / Resultados preliminares de Programa Cognitivo-Conductual de Habilidades para la Vida en Adolescentes

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the Life Skills Promotion Program in Adolescents (PRHAVIDA-Adolescents) on the development of a repertoire of life skills based on the cognitive-behavioral approach. A study was carried out with 78 adolescents (M = 12.47 years; SD = 0.69) to compare the results of the Social Skills Inventory for Adolescents (IHSA-Del-Prette) before and after the intervention. Differences were found between pre- and post-test considering the frequency of emission of skills for girls in the subscales self-control, assertiveness, affective approach, and social development; boys showed differences in the subscales empathy, self-control, assertiveness, affective approach, and social development. Thus, it is considered that PRHAVIDA-Adolescents is an effective program that has demonstrated that it is capable of developing several relevant skills for both sexes at a satisfactory level. Its contents proved to be comprehensive, consisting of a viable alternative for health promotion for adolescents within the cognitive-behavioral approach. (AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi a avaliação do efeito do Programa de Promoção de Habilidades para a Vida em Adolescentes (PRHAVIDA-Adolescentes) no desenvolvimento de um repertório de habilidades para a vida com base na abordagem cognitivo-comportamental. Foi realizado um estudo com 78 adolescentes (M = 12,47 anos; DP = 0,69) para comparar resultados do Inventário de Habilidades Sociais para Adolescentes (IHSA-Del-Prette) antes e depois da intervenção. Foram encontradas diferenças entre pré e pós-teste considerando a frequência de emissão das habilidades para meninas nas subescalas autocontrole, assertividade, abordagem afetiva e desenvolvimento social; já os meninos apresentaram diferença nas subescalas empatia, autocontrole, assertividade, abordagem afetiva e desenvolvimento social. Dessa forma, considera-se que o PRHAVIDA-Adolescentes é um programa efetivo que demonstrou ser capaz de desenvolver diversas habilidades relevantes para ambos os sexos em nível satisfatório. Seus conteúdos se mostraram abrangentes, consistindo em alternativa viável para a promoção de saúde para adolescentes dentro da abordagem cognitivo-comportamental. (AU)

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto del Programa de Promoción de Habilidades para la Vida en Adolescentes (PRHAVIDA-Adolescentes) en el desarrollo de un repertorio de habilidades para la vida basado en el enfoque cognitivo-conductual. Se realizó un estudio con 78 adolescentes (M = 12,47 años; DS = 0,69) para comparar los resultados del Inventario de Habilidades Sociales para Adolescentes (IHSA-Del-Prette) antes y después de la intervención. Se encontraron diferencias entre el pre y postest considerando la frecuencia de emisión de habilidades para las niñas en las subescalas de autocontrol, asertividad, afectividad y desarrollo social; los niños, por su parte, mostraron diferencias en las subescalas de empatía, autocontrol, asertividad, afectividad y desarrollo social. Así, se considera que PRHAVIDA-Adolescentes es un programa efectivo que ha demostrado que es capaz de desarrollar varias habilidades relevantes para ambos sexos a un nivel satisfactorio. Su contenido resultó ser integral, constituyendo una alternativa viable para la promoción de la salud de los adolescentes dentro del enfoque cognitivo-conductual. (AU)

Relación entre adicción a Internet y madurez psicológica en adolescentes del Perú / Relationship between Internet Addiction and Psychological Maturity in Adolescents from Peru

Introducción: Internet es un recurso indispensable para las personas, permite acceder a contenidos académicos, comunicacionales, sociales y otros; sin embargo, su uso indiscriminado genera conductas antisociales, bajo rendimiento académico, inadecuadas relaciones interpersonales y costo social. Los adolescentes se encuentran en riesgo por estar en el proceso de madurez y desarrollo psicoemocional. Objetivo: Describir la relación entre la adicción a Internet y la madurez psicológica en adolescentes del Perú. Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, diseño descriptivo correlacional, transversal en colegios de Lima, Cusco, Iquitos, Pucallpa, San Martin, Tacna y Tumbes, Lima-Perú, en el año 2019. Muestra de 1707 estudiantes de tercer, cuarto y quinto de secundaria. Se usó como técnica la encuesta y como instrumentos válidos y confiables el Test de Adicción a Internet y el Cuestionario de Madurez Psicológica. Los datos fueron procesados mediante programa Excel y SPSS versión 25. Para el análisis de datos se usó la estadística descriptiva e inferencial: Coeficiente de correlación de Pearson y U de Mann Whitney. Resultados: El nivel de adicción a Internet según dimensiones alcanzó nivel promedio en Costa, Sierra y Selva: tolerancia (57,67 por ciento, 56,08 por ciento, 38,78 por ciento), uso excesivo (58,20 por ciento, 42,91 por ciento, 44,27 por ciento), retirada (58,86 por ciento, 52,03 por ciento, 40,92 por ciento) y consecuencias negativas (59,13 por ciento, 52,71 por ciento, 49,31 por ciento); igualmente para madurez psicológica: orientación al trabajo (53,44 por ciento, 37,04 por ciento, 51,59 por ciento), autonomía (43,58, 34,46 por ciento, 45,95 por ciento) e identidad (65,50 por ciento, 53,74 por ciento, 57,25 por ciento). Conclusiones: Existe relación significativa e inversa entre la adicción a Internet y la madurez psicológica de los adolescentes, al igual que en todas sus dimensiones(AU)

Introduction: The Internet is an indispensable resource for people, since it allows access to academic, communicational, social and other contents. However, its indiscriminate use leads to antisocial behavior, poor academic performance and inadequate interpersonal relationships, as well as it has social costs. Adolescents are at risk because they are in the process of maturity and psychoemotional development. Objective: To describe the relationship between Internet addiction and psychological maturity in adolescents in Peru. Methods: Quantitative study, with a descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional design, carried out in 2019 in schools from Lima, Cusco, Iquitos, Pucallpa, San Martin, Tacna and Tumbes, Lima-Peru. The sample was made up of 1707 students in their third, fourth or fifth high school years. The survey was used as a technique, while the Internet Addiction Test and the Psychological Maturity Questionnaire were used as valid and reliable tools. The data were processed using Excel and the SPSS (version 25). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis: Pearson's correlation coefficient and Mann-Whitney U. Results: Internet addiction, according to the analyzed dimensions, reached the average level in Costa, Sierra and Selva: tolerance (57.67 percent, 56.08 percent, 38.78 percent), excessive use (58.20 percent, 42.91 percent, 44.27 percent), withdrawal (58.86 percent, 52.03 percent, 40.92 percent) and negative consequences (59.13 percent, 52.71 percent, 49.31 percent). The same phenomenon manifested for psychological maturity: work orientation (53.44 percent, 37.04 percent, 51.59 percent), autonomy (43.58, 34.46 percent, 45.95 percent) and identity (65.50 percent, 53.74 percent, 57.25 percent). Conclusions: There is a significant and inverse relationship between Internet addiction and psychological maturity in adolescents, as well as in all its dimensions(AU)

Validação de Instrumento em uma População Brasileira de Adolescentes em Conflito com a Lei / Validation of Instrument in a Brazilian Population of Adolescents in Conflict with the Law / Validación de Instrumento en una Población Brasileña de Adolescentes en Conflicto con la Ley

Este estudo teve como objetivo a construção de um software, a partir da testagem adaptativa informatizada para computadores e dispositivos móveis, como possível ferramenta para a avaliação neuropsicológica do controle inibitório. Foi realizado estudo empírico com 70 adolescentes entre 14 e 18 anos que cumpriam medida socioeducativa em complexo de reabilitação. Foi empreendida uma análise via TRI através da constatação do modelo logístico de três parâmetros (3PL); os itens foram ajustados apresentando confiabilidade (Alfa de Cronbach = 0,909). Outra análise constatou a relação entre a tarefa construída e o Five Digit Test (teste que avalia construtos similares). Os resultados apontaram que a tarefa construída tem potencial para avaliar o CI, considerando que a correlação dos escores entre os instrumentos obteve níveis consideráveis de significância (no nível de 0,05). Além disso, verificou-se que o uso da tecnologia da informação no processo de avaliação neuropsicológica torna o processo mais dinâmico e atrativo para o avaliado, além de mais prático e econômico para o avaliador.

This study aimed to build a software from computerized adaptive testing for computers and mobile devices as a possible tool for the neuropsychological assessment of inhibitory control. An empirical study was carried out with 70 teenagers between 14 and 18 years old who were completing socio-educational measures in a rehabilitation complex. An analysis was carried out via IRT through the verification of the logistic model of three parameters (ML3), the items were adjusted showing reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.909). Another analysis found the relationship between the constructed task and the Five Digit Test (a test that assesses similar constructs). The results showed that the constructed task has the potential to assess the IC, considering that the correlation of scores between the instruments obtained considerable levels of significance (at the level of 0.05). Furthermore, it was found that the use of information technology in the neuropsychological assessment process makes the process more dynamic and attractive for the individual, in addition to being more practical and economical for the assessor.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo construir un software, a partir de pruebas adaptativas computarizadas para computadoras y dispositivos móviles como una posible herramienta para la evaluación neuropsicológica del control inhibitorio. Se realizó un estudio empírico con 70 adolescentes entre 14 y 18 años que estaban completando medidas socioeducativas en un complejo de rehabilitación. Se realizó un análisis vía TRI mediante la verificación del modelo logístico de tres parámetros (3PL), los ítems fueron ajustados mostrando confiabilidad (alfa de Cronbach = 0.909). Otro análisis encontró la relación entre la tarea construida y la prueba de cinco dígitos (una prueba que evalúa constructos similares). Los resultados señalaron que la tarea construida tiene potencial para evaluar el CI, considerando que la correlación de puntajes entre los instrumentos obtuvo niveles considerables de significancia (al nivel de 0.05). Además, se encontró que el uso de la tecnología de la información en el proceso de evaluación neuropsicológica hace que el proceso sea más dinámico y atractivo para el individuo, además de ser más práctico y económico para el evaluador.

Psicodiagnóstico intervencionista en la adolescencia y Test de Apercepción Temática Infantil con Figuras Humanas: aportes a la clínica de la adolescencia / Psicodiagnóstico interventivo e o Teste de Apercepção Temática Infantil com Figuras Humanas: contribuições à clínica da adolescência / Interventive psychodiagnosis and the Children's Apperception Test with Human Figures: contributions to the clinic of adolescence

INTRODUCCIÓN: El Psicodiagnóstico interventivo, basado en las Consultas Terapéuticas propuestas por Winnicott, involucra, desde la primera sesión, intervenciones clínicas. Dado su empleo en diferentes contextos y poblaciones, instrumentos proyectivos como el Test de Apercepción Temática Infantil con Figuras Humanas son utilizados con la finalidad de explorar y comprender el mundo vivencial, y aspectos relevantes de la personalidad de niños y adolescentes, apoyando el trabajo clínico con adolescentes. OBJETIVO: Introducir, por medio del análisis del Psicodiagnóstico interventivo con la ayuda del CAT-H, la ilustración clínica de una adolescente con comportamiento de autolesión no suicida. MÉTODO: Se trata de un estudio clínico-teórico, con delineamiento de estudio de caso. Los datos fueron analizados a partir de la libre inspección del material y a la luz del abordaje psicoanalítico winnicottiana. RESULTADOS: Se evidenció el principal conflicto interno experimentado por el participante: sumisión frente al deseo de hacer lo que es propio de la época, así como la autoimagen vulnerable y el empleo de mecanismos de defensa primitivos dada la intensa sensación de impotencia. CONCLUSIÓN: El material clínico descrito presenta el uso del test más allá de su posibilidad diagnóstica, en calidad de mediador terapéutico, colaborando para la profundización en la queja y ofreciendo una experiencia de acogida y reflexión a la paciente, de manera similar la oferta del juego del garabato de Winnicott, es decir estableciendo contacto el campo emocional.

INTRODUÇÃO: O psicodiagnóstico interventivo, baseado nas Consultas Terapêuticas propostas por Winnicott, envolve, desde a primeira sessão, intervenções clínicas. Devido ao seu emprego em diferentes contextos e populações, instrumentos projetivos como o Teste de Apercepção Infantil com Figuras Humanas são utilizados para explorar e compreender o mundo vivencial, e aspectos relevantes da personalidade do público infanto-juvenil, subsidiando a atuação clínica com adolescentes. OBJETIVO: Apresentar a análise do psico diagnóstico interventivo com o auxílio do teste por meio da ilustração clínica de um adolescente com comportamento de autolesão não suicida. MÉTODO: Trata-se de um estudo teórico-clínico, com delineamento de estudo de caso. Os dados foram analisados a partir da livre inspeção do material e à luz da abordagem psicanalítica winnicottiana. RESULTADOS: Evidenciou-se o principal conflito interno vivenciado pelo participante: submissão versus desejo de fazer o que é próprio para a idade, assim como autoimagem vulnerável e emprego de mecanismos primitivos de defesa diante do intenso sentimento de desamparo. CONCLUSÃO: O material clínico descrito apresenta a utilização do teste além de sua possibilidade diagnóstica, como mediador terapêutico, colaborando para aprofundar a queixa e oferecendo uma experiência de acolhimento e reflexão ao paciente, à semelhança da proposta do jogo de rabiscos de Winnicott, ou seja, estabelecendo contato com o campo emocional.

INTRODUCTION: The interventive psychodiagnosis, based on the Therapeutic Consultations proposed by Winnicott, involves, from the first session, clinical interventions. Given its use in different contexts and populations, projective instruments such as the Children's Apperception Test with Human Figures are used in order to explore and understand the living world, and relevant aspects of the personality of children and adolescents, supporting clinical work with adolescents. OBJECTIVE: To present the analysis of the interventive psychodiagnosis with the help of the test through the clinical illustration of an adolescent with non-suicidal self-injury behavior. METHOD: This is a clinical-theoretical study, with a case study design. Data were analyzed from the free inspection of the material and in the light of the Winnicottian psychoanalytic approach. RESULTS: The main internal conflict experienced by the participant was evidenced: submission versus the desire to do what is proper for the age, as well as vulnerable self-image and employment of primitive defense mechanisms given the intense feeling of helplessness. CONCLUSION: The clinical material described presents the use of the test in addition to its diagnostic possibility, as a therapeutic mediator, collaborating to deepen the complaint and offering an experience of welcoming and reflection to the patient, similarly to the proposal of Winnicott's scribble game, which is, establishing contact with the emotional field.

Bayes factor benefits for clinical psychology: review of child and adolescent evidence base.

Background: Statistical methods are a cornerstone of research in clinical psychology and are used in clinical trials and reviews to determine the best available evidence. The most widespread statistical framework, frequentist statistics, is often misunderstood and misused. Even when properly applied, this framework can lead to erroneous conclusions and unnecessarily prolonged trials. The implications for clinical psychology are difficulties in interpreting best available evidence and unnecessarily costly and burdensome research. An alternative framework, Bayesian statistics, is proposed as a solution to several issues with current practice. Methods: Statistical tests of primary outcome measures were extracted from 272 studies, which were cited in 11 recent reviews in the Evidence-based updates series in the Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology. The extracted tests were examined regarding relevant features and re-analyzed using Bayes Factors. Results: When statistical tests were significant, the majority (98%) of re-analyzed tests agreed with such claims. When statistical tests were nonsignificant almost half (43%) of re-analyzed tests disagreed with such claims. Equally important for clinical research, an average of 13% fewer participants per study would have been required if the studies had used Bayes Factors. Conclusions: Bayes Factors offer benefits for research in clinical psychology through intuitive interpretations, and less costly trials.

Cognitive distortion based explainable depression detection and analysis technologies for the adolescent internet users on social media.

Nowadays, adolescents would like to share their daily lives via social media platforms, which presents an excellent opportunity for us to leverage these data to develop techniques to measure their mental health status, such as depression. Previous researches focus on the more accurate detection of depression through statistical learning and ignore psychological understanding of depression. However, psychologists have given lots of theoretical evidence for depression. Such as according to cognitive psychology research, cognitive distortions will result in depression. Thus, in this study, we propose a new task, explainable depression detection, to not only automatically detect depression but also try to give clues to depression based on cognitive distortion theory. For this purpose, we construct a multi-task learning model based on a pre-trained model to detect depression and identify cognitive distortion. And we use many analytical means including word clouds for data analysis to draw our conclusion. Previous social media users' depression corpus and our cognitive distortion corpus are utilized for analysis and experiment. Our experimental results outperform the baseline results and interesting conclusions about adolescent depression are drawn.

Projeto de vida de adolescentes que fazem uso problemático de substâncias psicoativas / Purpose in life in adolescents with problematic use of psychoactive substances / Proyecto de vida para adolescentes que hacen uso problemático de sustancias psicoactivas

RESUMO Este artigo tem como objetivo investigar os projetos de vida de adolescentes em tratamento ambulatorial especializado para o uso problemático de substâncias psicoativas. Realizou-se um estudo de caso coletivo com sete adolescentes do sexo masculino, entre 14 e 18 anos, ao longo de treze semanas. Utilizou-se uma entrevista semiestruturada e os dados foram analisados com base nas dimensões da Escala de Projetos de Vida para Adolescentes. Os resultados mostraram que houve mais projetos de vida nas dimensões Aspirações Positivas e Relacionamento Afetivos e menos projetos de vida nas dimensões Religião/Espiritualidade e Sentido da Vida. Concluiu-se que o tratamento no ambulatório serviu como um espaço para os adolescentes organizarem suas vidas e favoreceu a construção de seu projeto de vida.

ABSTRACT This paper aims to investigate the life purposes of adolescents undergoing specialized outpatient treatment for problematic use of psychoactive substances. A collective case study was carried out with seven male adolescents, between 14 and 18 years old, over thirteen weeks. A semi-structured interview was used, and the data were analyzed based on the dimensions of the Purpose in Life Scale for Adolescents. The results showed that there were more life purposes in the Positive Aspirations and Affective Relationship dimensions and fewer life projects in the Religion/Spirituality and Sense of Life dimensions. It was concluded that the treatment at the outpatient clinic served as space for adolescents to organize their lives and favored the construction of their life purposes.

RESUMEN Este artículo tiene como objetivo investigar los proyectos de vida de adolescentes en tratamiento ambulatorio especializado por uso problemático de sustancias psicoactivas. Realizó un estudio de caso colectivo con siete adolescentes varones, entre 14 y 18 años, durante trece semanas. Utilizó una entrevista semiestructurada y los datos fueron analizados con base en las dimensiones de Escala de Proyectos de Vida para Adolescentes. Los resultados mostraron que había más proyectos de vida en dimensiones de Aspiraciones Positivas y Relación afectiva y menos proyectos de vida en dimensiones de Religión/Espiritualidad y Sentido de la Vida. Se concluyó que el tratamiento en ambulatorio sirvió como un espacio para que los adolescentes organizaran su vida y favoreció la construcción de su proyecto de vida.

Valoración de la resiliencia en escolarizados: línea base para programas de intervención, Antioquia, 2018 / Assessment of resilience in schoolchildren: baseline for intervention programs, Antioquia, 2018 / Valoração da resiliência em escolarizados: línea base para programas de intervenção, Antioquia, 2018

Resumen Objetivo: determinar los niveles de resiliencia en los estudiantes de 12 a 17 años de las instituciones públicas urbanas de las subregiones del departamento de Antioquia, Colombia. Método: transversal en 2185 estudiantes y en muestras independientes por subregión, a quienes se les aplicó un cuestionario de valoración de la resiliencia en adolescentes, el JJ46. Se calcularon los niveles de resiliencia y se analizó la relación entre estos con características demográfico-familiares y de vulnerabilidad social. Resultados: en Antioquia predominó la resiliencia media, 53,9%. Los escolarizados de las subregiones Oriente, Suroeste y Norte fueron los que obtuvieron los puntajes más altos de resiliencia, con 57,1%, 53,9% y 50,6%, respectivamente, y los de las subregiones Magdalena Medio, Urabá y Bajo Cauca los menores. En el Valle de Aburrá la resiliencia fue media: 44,2%. Conclusiones: diseñar intervenciones en los escolarizados de los municipios de las subregiones con niveles de resiliencia media e inferior.

Abstract Objective: To determine the levels of resilience in students aged 12 to 17 years of urban public institutions in the subregions of the department of Antioquia, Colombia. Method: Cross-sectional study with 2185 students in independent samples by sub-region to whom the JJ46 questionnaire for assessing resilience in adolescents was applied. Resilience levels were calculated and the relationship between these and demographic-family characteristics and social vulnerability was analyzed. Results: the average resilience, 53.9%, prevailed in the Department of Antioquia. Schoolchildren from the East, Southwest and North subregions obtained the highest resilience scores, with 57.1%, 53.9% and 50.6% respectively, and those from the subregions of Magdalena Medio, Urabá and Bajo Cauca obtained the lower scores. In the Aburrá Valley, resilience was average, 44.2%. Conclusions: There is a need to design interventions in schoolchildren of the municipalities of the subregions with medium and lower levels of resilience.

Resumo Objetivo: determinar os níveis de resiliência nos estudantes de 12 a 17 anos das instituições públicas urbanas das sub-regiões do departamento de Antioquia, Colômbia. Método: transversal em 2185 estudantes e em amostras independentes por sub-região, a quem se lhes aplicou um questionario de valoração da resiliência em adolescentes, o JJ46. Calcularam-se os níveis de resiliência e se analisou a relação entre estes com características demográficofamiliares e de vulnerabilidade social. Resultados: em Antioquia predominou a resiliência media, 53,9%. Os escolarizados das sub-regiões Oriente, Sul-oeste e Norte foram os que obtiveram as pontuações mais altas de resiliência, com 57,1%, 53,9% e 50,6%, respectivamente, e os das sub-regiões Magdalena Médio, Urabá e Baixo Cauca os menores. No Vale de Aburrá a resiliência foi media: 44,2%. Conclusões: desenhar intervenções nos escolarizados dos municípios das sub-regiões com níveis de resiliência media e inferior.